Preventive measures and customs in families not infected by COVID-19 during confinement

Despite the exuberant figures of those infected and deceased by COVID-19, there are families that were not infected. Objective: To describe the preventive measures and customs in families not infected by COVID-19 during confinement. Method: Descriptive qualitative research, 13 mothers from Ferrenafe with no member affected by COVID-19 participated. The data was collected through the semi-structured interview through telephone calls and processed manually, with thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories were obtained: a) Preventive measures when leaving the home: use of a mask, alcohol and social distancing, b) Preventive measures at home: handwashing, disinfection of the home and what enters, c) Restriction of family gatherings and use of social networks, d) Change of eating habits and use of home remedies. Conclusions: The families changed some customs or practices, complied with the confinement, social distancing, restricted family gatherings, used cloth masks, medicinal alcohol, and bleach. In addition, they increased the frequency of hand washing, home hygiene, healthy eating, the use of social networks, together with the use of home remedies commonly used to prevent or treat respiratory diseases.

Integrated vector management program in the framework of the Covid-19 pandemic in Medellin, Colombia

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic pressured health care systems to remain alert and active in their vector-borne disease control and prevention programs, leading to changes in vector control strategies in urban areas affected by dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Objective: To describe the adaptations made to the vector control and surveillance program in Medell??n during the COVID-19 health emergency. Materials and methods: Once the health emergency started,biosecurity protocols were developed. Entomological surveillance was strengthened from the institutional environment instead of homes. Data was collected in Medell??n from 2018 to 2021 during the vector control and surveillance program activities, which included epidemiological and entomo-virological surveillance, entomological index survey, ovitrap monitoring, community mobilization, search and elimination of mosquito breading sites, and chemical control. These actions were adapted and/or increased to promote self-care among communities in total and partial confinement, and to develop prevention and control measures. Results: Mosquito monitoring was increased by 40% using ovitraps, entomological -virological surveillance showed an increase in 2020 of 34,4% compared to 2019 and virtual media was used to keep and improve contact with the community. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on arbovirus prevention and control programs. The city of Medell??n quickly adapted its entomo-virological surveillance activities, control measures, and the contact with the community during the pandemic, which allow the Integrated Vector Management program to remain active in the city.

Urban humanities as a framework for the study of public space during the pandemic

COVID-19 has revealed limitations in traditional public space research methods. There is a need for new approaches to study and intervene during times of crisis. Interdisciplinary urban humanities approaches can help researchers respond to pandemic public space dynamics. This article develops a framework linking urban humanities practices–thick mapping, filmic sensing, and digital storytelling–to the production of space at multiple scales. A case study is presented of a course that employed these methods and proposed speculative design interventions to accommodate street vending, skateboarding, and unhoused people in the Westlake neighbourhood of Los Angeles. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

LIFESTYLES AND ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDE DURING THE COVID-19 IN PERUVIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The objective of the research was to analyze lifestyles and their relationship with environmental attitudes in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantitative approach, relational, prospective and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 231 students from six professional careers, using the SMILE-C online survey and a questionnaire. For the statistical analysis, Pearson's Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. A relationship was found between sex with lifestyle (P=0.003), with the dimensions diet and nutrition (P=0.045), physical activity (P=0.015) and restful sleep (P=0.006);school type (P=0.045) and study cycle (P=0.042) with the restful sleep of university students. © 2023, Sociedad Europea De Medicina Naturista Clasica. Seccion Espanola. All rights reserved.

Social division of labour, recognition and contempt in the health crisis

During the state of alarm decreed by the government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the executive branch saw the need to establish the possibility of exceptional freedom of movement for so-called "essential jobs” in an attempt to guarantee the supply of basic commodities for the sustentation of life. This classification as "essential workers” allowed for a social momentum of recognition - which so far had revolved around healthcare workers - to be broadened to include the more precarious professions of recent years, such as cashiers, transport workers, couriers, day labourers, etc. A workforce that was temporarily saved from invisibility and placed at the centre of social recognition. Such visibility also shed light on the moral injury that decades of neoliberalism had generated on the social division of labour and among the working population. This article addresses workers' struggle for recognition focusing on two groups: healthcare workers and agricultural workers. © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Carlos de Castro, Andrés Pedreño and Marta Latorre;individual chapters, the contributors.

Data visualization applied in the analysis of the impact of distance education at the preschool level during the COVID-19 pandemic

The present project was based on the realization of a descriptive model for preschool teachers and managers, in order to know the results obtained during the confinement as a result of COVID 19, which was characterized by the use of a virtual environment. As a means to carry out the interaction, experiences, strategies and activities necessary to develop school skills, the study makes use of data visualization techniques, following the Soukup and Davidson methodology itself, which developed a pilot project and had a set of data, in which the evaluations carried out during the 2019-2022 period for fourteen public preschool institutions in the state of Guerrero were reflected and divided into six areas to be analyzed, including language and communication, thought mathematics, exploration of the environment, social-emotional, arts and physical education. © 2022 IEEE.

Creativity in the English Teaching at Teachers Education

Creativity is a necessity in the training of 21st century professionals. It has a special place in the teaching of foreign languages, enhanced with the possibilities offered by digital technologies, blended learning and the flipped classroom, for the motivation and development of communicative, interactive and intercultural competence, which is the guiding objective. Stimulating the creativity of teachers and students in the teaching of English, from the subject, Integrated English Language Practice II, in the Foreign Language Career of Pinar del Rio, has been the objective of the research that supports the present article. For this purpose, the research methods used were document analysis, classroom observation, interview and group discussion with teachers and students;in addition to the self-reflection technique, and modeling for the construction of scientific products. The didactic materials developed were put into practice, through distance learning, with a group of first year students, in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, they were validated, experimentally, during two weeks. Thus, a scientific result has been created consisting of learning strategies and tasks that show the potential of creativity of teachers and students. This result increases students' motivation and efficiency in learning English.

Development of Spanish Villages through Oral Memory: Mid-Twentieth Century El Campello

Oral memory is one amongst the most valuable sources of human knowledge, even more so nowadays when the COVID-19 pandemic has taken so many of our elders out. The personal narratives of our towns' dwellers during the past century let us know not only their way of life, customs, and traditions, but also the morphology of the city, its layout and urban evolution, its architecture -both for family homes and monuments-, and most significant of all, the way of using said spaces. The researchers behind this paper, in partnership with Grup Salpassa and the Council of El Campello, have chosen a methodology based on the oral history to expand the knowledge of the mid-20th century village by means of a series of interviews with some octogenarian locals -shaped as thematic "micro-histories", published on social media, and orthophotos, which are subject to urban analysis with the location of streets, public buildings, facilities, and commercial areas. All this is accompanied by moving and previously unpublished images of everyday life and festivities, which set up a stronger emotional bond and stronger terrain roots for current societies.

Eating Disorders during the pandemic COVID-2019

Introduction: Concerns about health and fitness during lockdown may serve as a trigger for eating disorders in vulnerable individuals. Other risk factors may also include increased use of social networks and comparison with beauty ideals. Isolation, loneliness and problems with emotional regulation may lead people to reduce food intake by giving them a greater sense of control. Objective(s): Emphasise the relevance of the increase in the incidence of Eating Disorders (ED) cases during the pandemic. Method(s): Review of the scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case. Result(s): 14-year-old female, residing with her mother. She reports that from the beginning of COVID-19 confinement she became obsessed with leading a healthier life, starting to restrict food, limiting fats and carbohydrates, and having also started compulsive physical activity (approximately 4 hours of aerobic exercise per day), without associated purging behaviours. She also acknowledges eating small amounts (although she minimises this aspect) and controlling all calories, stating that food and practices aimed at "staying healthy" now dominate her life. Her previous BMI was 18, with a current BMI of 11.7. Conclusion(s): Patients suffering from ED, who often have poor knowledge of their illness and find social-emotional communication difficult, may delay seeking help. Studies suggest the relevance of identifying specific vulnerability factors among ED patients in confinement in order to develop preventive strategies and personalised treatment approaches.

Covid-19 pandemic and suicidal risk among adolescents

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of adolescents. Several descriptive studies and systematic reviews have shown an increase in suicide rates in this age group. Objective(s): - To present a literary review on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health and suicidal behavior of adolescents around the world. - To present data on admission rates due to suicidal behavior during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in a Spanish child-adolescent psychiatric hospitalization unit. Method(s): - We will present a literature review and a retrospective cross-sectional study on admission rates for suicidal behavior in a child-adolescent psychiatric hospitalization unit. - Admission rates for suicidal behavior during the year prior to the pandemic will be compared with rates relative to the first year of the pandemic. Result(s): - We have found a significant increase in admission rates for suicidal behavior during the year of the pandemic. Similar results have been found in different studies and meta-analyzes. - The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients are quite similar in the two periods of time analyzed, but the reference to intra-family problems has been more frequent in the year of the pandemic. Conclusion(s): Our data is in line with other studies suggesting that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on teenage suicidal behavior.

Course Quality Assessment in Post-pandemic Higher Education

Changes in teaching practices due to Covid-19 pandemic have catalyzed the integration of classic in-person teaching with online strategies, such as MOOCs and Open Educational Resources. However, the resulting changes in teaching strategies raise concerns about the quality of the learning experience in the new scenarios. In this work, we tackle the problem of establishing criteria and strategies for quality assessment (QA) of in-person courses that incorporate e-learning educational resources, namely the blended-learning scenario. We present a Quality assessment methodology for its utilization in blended-learning and describe a case study on the utilization of the proposed methodology for QA of three undergraduate courses of an Electronics Engineering program. © 2022 IEEE.

Teacher-Student Performance Criteria During Online Classes due to COVID-19: Self-Report by Postgraduate Students in Education

During didactic interactions, teachers and students employ competencies and skills that correspond functionally to one another, and several models propose to typify didactic performances in higher education. For this study, we chose the didactic performance interbehavioral model as the substantive theory to identify six pairs of didactic performance criteria through self-evaluations from graduate students. These included: Competency exploration-precurrent learning behaviors, Criteria explicitness-Criteria identification, Illustration-Participation, Practice supervision-Relevant practice, Feedback-Improvement, and Evaluation-Application.309 Peruvian students from an in-person postgraduate course in Education Sciences filled out two scales (via Google Forms) to assess teacher-student performance criteria during online classes. Convergent and divergent validity were obtained separately for six teacher/student performance constructs through a confirmatory analysis using LISREL 8. Moreover, differences according to sex were only significant for the Illustration teacher criterion (favoring men) and the Application student criterion (favoring women). Students rated Explicitness of criteria and Illustration as the teacher performance criteria most frequently seen during online classes. On the other hand, Criteria identification ranked the highest in terms of the students' performance criteria, followed by Feedback-Improvement. Another conclusion was that the didactic performance interbehavioral model could be empirically supported by the two self-assessment questionnaires, which yielded good convergent and divergent validity of constructs. © 2022 The Author(s)

Visualización de Datos Aplicada en el Análisis del Impacto de la Educación a Distancia a Nivel Preescolar Durante la Pandemia por COVID-19

The present project was based on the realization of a descriptive model for preschool teachers and managers, in order to know the results obtained during the confinement as a result of COVID 19, which was characterized by the use of a virtual environment. As a means to carry out the interaction, experiences, strategies and activities necessary to develop school skills, the study makes use of data visualization techniques, following the Soukup and Davidson methodology itself, which developed a pilot project and had a set of data, in which the evaluations carried out during the 2019-2022 period for fourteen public preschool institutions in the state of Guerrero were reflected and divided into six areas to be analyzed, including language and communication, thought mathematics, exploration of the environment, social-emotional, arts and physical education. © 2022 IEEE.

Business strategies to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, Costa Rica

The arrival of the COVID-19 Pandemic in our country and the contagious spread of the disease in our citizens, meant an economic impact to not only the health sector but the entire economic system and its development. A lot of these changes made businesses redefine their projected goals, focusing on all the actions needed to take action against the new reality which starts with health protocols, prioritizing COVID-19 impact mitigation projects and the reduction of costs considered necessary months before. This document pretends to show in general terms the actions and strategies that different sectors of business in Costa Rica had to adopt, serving as an analysis factor and mainly as an example of the development of innovative actions utilized with the sole purpose of achieving sustainability and the least damage possible. The final investigation has two action frames, first an analysis of the actions taken by each of the countries that participated in the investigation and last, a comparative analysis of the beginner countries. This investigation highlights the similarity in the adoption of activities to confront the pandemic regardless of the business size, the sector it belongs to or the commercial focus of it.

Tomographic findings and mortality in patients with severe and critical pneumonia with COVID-19 diagnosis.

Introduction: A high percentage of patients with non-severe (17.9%) and severe (2.9%) atypical pneumonia do not display pulmonary tomographic findings upon hospital admission; furthermore, lesion associated with COVI-19 are peripherally distributed in a multifocal ground-glass pattern, as well as displaying an irregular consolidation pattern, with a posterior or lower lobe predilection. The main objective of this study was to identify the pulmonary radiological patterns in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, the factors associated with the need for mechanical ventilation, as well as their survival rates at 30 days. Methods: We report the pulmonary tomographic findings of 490 consecutive patients with severe and critical pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2. The patients were classified according to the tomography and demographic findings, sepsis severity prognostic scales, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE IV). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival distributions. Results: 89.80% of patients had ground-glass opacities, 81.63% radiologic consolidation sign, 42.45% vascular thickening pattern, 37.55% lymphadenopathies, 14.90% pleural effusion, and 2.65% pulmonary thrombosis; meanwhile, 91.02% had bilateral lesions, 85.51% had peripheral lesions, and 75.92% had basal lobe lesions. APACHE IV (HR, 1.191, 95% CI [1.126, 1.260]), SOFA (HR, 5.178, 95%CI [3.103, 8.641]), and CCI (HR, 0.673, 95%CI [0.510, 0.889]), as well as the pulmonary damage severity index (HR, 1.282, 95%CI [1.151, 1.428]), predict the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Only moderate ARDS patients with mild and severe lung disease showed different 30-day mortality distributions (χ2 = 7.00, p = 0.008). Discussion: Although the survival distributions did not vary significantly, an overwhelming majority of patients (i.e., 84.35%) with a higher pulmonary damage severity index (i.e., 23>) died within 30 days of hospital admission, while only 25.91% with moderate lung damage and 2.42% with mild lung damage.

Covid 19, lockdown and brief psychotic disorders

Introduction Acute and transient psychotic disorders are a rare condition entity as the sudden appearance of affective, confusional symptoms and paranoia triggered by some psychological trauma. The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is an important psychological stressor that could favor the appearance of acute psychotic disorders. Several studies have been recently published proposing that the multifactorial stress associated with lockdown could function as a catalyst for acute psychotic disorders. Objectives To present a case of a brief psychotic disorder during the national lockdown in Spain and to review the literature about the relationship between the current pandemic and psychosis. Methods We will present a case report and a literature review. Results We report a case of a 27-year-old woman, with no previous psychiatric history. Three weeks after the start of Spain lockdown sudden symptoms appeared with psychomotor restlessness, confused speech, emotional lability, thought blocking and persecutory and referential delusions. Physical exam, blood analysis and cerebral CT scan with no alterations. Treatment was performed with aripiprazole 10 mg and lorazepam 1 mg daily with clinical improvement in one weeks. She was diagnosed of Acute transient psychotic disorder. Conclusions Stressful life events that can trigger psychosis in vulnerable individuals and the current pandemic and lockdown context could favor the appearance of acute psychotic disorders. The case reported here is in line with other current studies that show a preliminary intuition of this trend.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS IN INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH CARE IN A THIRD LEVEL CENTER WITH HOSPITAL RECONVERSION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objetive: Description of the different isolated microorganisms and their prevalence in infections associated with health care, in addition to determining their patterns of resistance to antibiotics in patients admitted with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit, during a third-level medical center with hospital reconversion. Method: Patient demographic data was obtained from the clinical record, with defined criteria. Antibiotic resistance patterns were evaluated as well as the identification of isolated bacteria in cultures of expectoration, pleural fluid, catheter tips. For bacterial identification and resistance mechanisms, automated equipment and phenotypic tests were used, following the CLSI (Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute) criteria. Results: A total of 100 patients with bacterial infection added to the main COVID-19 picture were obtained, representing pneumonia, urinary tract infection, catheter infections and bacteremia. A total of 100 strains were isolated, of which 84 are Extremely Drug Resistant, 12 Multidrug Resistant and only 4 variable sensitivity. The bacteria with the highest prevalence is Staphylococcus aureus with, followed by Pseudonomas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 100% of the patients admitted to the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) had death. Conclusion: The increase in resistance to antibiotics in the COVID-19 pandemic has set off alarms due to the complication that this brings, and the improper use of drugs as prophylaxis or attempted treatment only generates selective pressure that leads to an increase in resistance as observed in the isolated strains in this study, where the vast majority present enzymes as well as other resistance mechanisms that confer them to be XDR (Extremely Drug Resistant).

Health Information Seeking From an Intelligent Web-Based Symptom Checker: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study.

BACKGROUND: The ever-growing amount of health information available on the web is increasing the demand for tools providing personalized and actionable health information. Such tools include symptom checkers that provide users with a potential diagnosis after responding to a set of probes about their symptoms. Although the potential for their utility is great, little is known about such tools' actual use and effects. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand who uses a web-based artificial intelligence-powered symptom checker and its purposes, how they evaluate the experience of the web-based interview and quality of the information, what they intend to do with the recommendation, and predictors of future use. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of web-based health information seekers following the completion of a symptom checker visit (N=2437). Measures of comprehensibility, confidence, usefulness, health-related anxiety, empowerment, and intention to use in the future were assessed. ANOVAs and the Wilcoxon rank sum test examined mean outcome differences in racial, ethnic, and sex groups. The relationship between perceptions of the symptom checker and intention to follow recommended actions was assessed using multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS: Buoy users were well-educated (1384/1704, 81.22% college or higher), primarily White (1227/1693, 72.47%), and female (2069/2437, 84.89%). Most had insurance (1449/1630, 88.89%), a regular health care provider (1307/1709, 76.48%), and reported good health (1000/1703, 58.72%). Three types of symptoms-pain (855/2437, 35.08%), gynecological issues (293/2437, 12.02%), and masses or lumps (204/2437, 8.37%)-accounted for almost half (1352/2437, 55.48%) of site visits. Buoy's top three primary recommendations split across less-serious triage categories: primary care physician in 2 weeks (754/2141, 35.22%), self-treatment (452/2141, 21.11%), and primary care in 1 to 2 days (373/2141, 17.42%). Common diagnoses were musculoskeletal (303/2437, 12.43%), gynecological (304/2437, 12.47%) and skin conditions (297/2437, 12.19%), and infectious diseases (300/2437, 12.31%). Users generally reported high confidence in Buoy, found it useful and easy to understand, and said that Buoy made them feel less anxious and more empowered to seek medical help. Users for whom Buoy recommended "Waiting/Watching" or "Self-Treatment" had strongest intentions to comply, whereas those advised to seek primary care had weaker intentions. Compared with White users, Latino and Black users had significantly more confidence in Buoy (P<.05), and the former also found it significantly more useful (P<.05). Latino (odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.22-3.25) and Black (odds ratio 2.37, 95% CI 1.57-3.66) users also had stronger intentions to discuss recommendations with a provider than White users. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrate the potential utility of a web-based health information tool to empower people to seek care and reduce health-related anxiety. However, despite encouraging results suggesting the tool may fulfill unmet health information needs among women and Black and Latino adults, analyses of the user base illustrate persistent second-level digital divide effects.